Method of and means for inducing magnetism in magnetic circuits.



Patented Aug. 8,1899.

4 Sheets-Sheet I.

No. 630,4l8.

c. STEINMETZ. METHOD OF AND MEANS FOR INDUCING MAGNETISM IN MAGNETICCIRCUITS (Application filed Aug. 31, 1891.)

(No Model.)

No. 630,4!8. Patented Aug. 8, I899.

- C. STEINMETZ.

METHOD OF AND MEANS FOR INDUCING MAGNETISM IN MAGNETIC CIBCUlTS,

(Application filed Aug. 31, 1891.)

(No Model.) A 4 Sheets$heet 2.

m5 Noam, pzrcns co, mowuumou WASHINGTON, n. c.

No. 630,4!8v Patented Aug. 8,1899. 0. STEINMETZ. METHOD OF AND MEANS FORINDUCING MAGNETISM IN MAGNETICDIRCUIT S.

(Application filed Aug. 31, 1891.)

4 $heeis8heet 3,

(No Model.)

Patented Aug. 8, I899.

No. 630,4l8.

c. STEINMETZ. METHOD OF AND MEANS FOR INDUCING MAGNETISM IN MAGNETICCIRCUITS] (Application filed Aug. 31, 1891.)

4 Sheets-Sheet 4 (No Model.)

l wventor: Y-L-MMZ' w M FWMHHMEA M 21 Dawes;-

UNITED STATES;

PATENT Curios.

CHARLES STEINMETZ, OF YONKERQNEVV YORK, ASSIGNOR TO THE GENERAL ELECTRICCOMPANY, OF NEW YORK.

METHOD OF AND MEANS FOR INDUCING MAGNETISM IN MAGNETIC CIRCUITS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 630,418, dated August8, 1899.

Application filed August 31, 1891. Serial No. 404,265. (No model.)

To. an whom it may concern: v

Be it known that 1, CHARLES STEINMETZ, a subject of the Emperor ofGermany, residing in Yonkers, in the county of \Vestchester and 5 Stateof New York, have invented a certain new and useful Method of and Meansfor Inducing and Controlling Magnetic Circuits, of. which the followingis a specification.

The present invention relates to certain novel methods of and means forinducing magnetism in magnetic circuits and utilizing the magnetism sodeveloped for producing rotation in alternatingcurrent motive devices orfor transforming alternating currents and at I the same time changingthe phase relation of the currents so transformed.

The invention will be hereinafter more particularly described asembodied both in a novel form of alternating-current motor and inspecial arrangements of transformers. In the particular apparatus ofboth of these types in which the invention is shown embodied magnetismis induced in two or more magnetic circuits by the combined magnetiz- 25 in g action of alternating sin gle-phase electric currents, serving asa primary exciting medium, and secondary currents in aclosed circuit ininductive relation to the circuit of the first-named currents, and thephases of mag- 0 net-ism in the magnetic circuits are controlled,adjusted, or varied by properly proportioning or varying the relativemagnetizing powers of the currents upon the different magnetic circuits.In other words, I can and do vary the 5 time of the maximum phases ofmagnetization in any one of the magnetic circuits so that it will occurat any predetermined time before or after the maximum electric phases ofthe electric currents fed into the apparatus,

0 because the magnetic phases in themagnetio circuits will conform tothe resultant of the inagnetomotive forces induced by the differentcurrents exciting the circuits, and this resultant will not conform inphase relation 5 toeither of the exciting-currents alone. The

resultant magnetic phases can therefore be made to differ to any desiredextent from the phases of the magnctizing-currents, such differencesbeing established by suitably pro- 0 portioning the magnetizing powersof the different currents upon the several magnetic circuits and byappropriately varying the magnetic resistance of the seveaal magneticcircuits, said resistance, with the lag of the electric phases of thesecondary currents behind the electric phases of the primary currents,enabling me to provide, in a series of magnetic circuits, a rotation ofthe line of magnetization, as for certain types of alternating motors,or with alternating cur- 6o rents of a single phase or, indeed, anyphase relation to induce alternating currents of different phaserelation when said magnetic circuits are employed, as in transformers.

The novelty of the invention as set forth in the claims is, however, inmany respects broader than the general description just given of thespecial embodiments of the invention hereinafter to be described, and Irefer to the claims forming part of this speci- 7o fication as settingforth generically, as well as more specifically, what I believe to bethe points of novelty in the present invention.

Referring to the drawings, Figures 1 and 2 illustrate in two sections atright angles to each other an alternating-current motor designed tooperate in accordance with the present invention in which the armatureis surrounded longitudinally by the iield coils. Fig. 2 is taken on thesection-line a: :r, Fig. 1. Figs. 3 and iillustrate in two similarsectional views another form of alternating-current motor. Fig. 4 istaken on the section-line g 1 of Fig. 3. Fig. 5 is an end view of analternating-current motor in which the armature is surrounded by afield-magnet having multiple field-poles provided with a suitablearrangement of field-coils. Fig. 6 is a diagrammatic view of the windingof the field-coils of an alternating motor of the type herein de- 0scribed. Figs. 7 to 12 illustrate the invention as applied to analternating-current inotor of small power-for example, one suitable foruse in connection with an electric meter. Figs. 13, 14, and 15illustrate an armature 5 well adapted for use in such meters. Fig. 1G isa diagrammatic illustration of the manner of applying the invention totransformers. Fig. 17 is a diagrammatic illustration of a series oftransformers connected in tandem, as I00 will be hereinafter described;and Fig. 18 is an illustrative diagram which will be referred 2 seems tolater on in describing certain of the electrical actions involved in theinvention.

I will first describe the form of motor illustrated in Figs. 1, 2, and(5. The armature A is in this machine the rotating element, and it maybe widely varied in character. As here shown, it comprises a cylindricalmass of laminated magnetic metal mounted upon a suitable shaft a, whichmay be provided with a pulley or other means for transmitting itsrotative power. The iron forming the fieldmagnets of this machineconsists of two laminated masses l3 l3, separated from each other on aline parallel with the axis of the armature by spaces, as indicated atZ) I). These masses of magnetic metal are supported in posit-ion by asuitable frame of non-magnetic material, (best seen in Fig. 9,) havingend pieces 0 0, connected by cross-bolts c and brackets 0 affordingbearings for the armature-shaft. Each of these masses of iron atfordsappropriate concave cheek faces or poles (Z d and (P (Z The cheek-faces(Z (Z are separated by a rectangular recess for the recegtion of thesides of substantially rectangular field-coils, and the sameis true ofthe faces (Z (1; but the faces (1 and (Z and d and (Z are not onlyseparated by similar recesses, but also by the air-spaces Z) 1).Assuming now that these masses of metal have been magnetized, it will beseen that there are four cooperating magnetic circuits, to wit: thefirst from (Z to Ll to the rear of the intervening recess and includingan appropriate portion of the magnetic metal of the armature A. In thiscircuit there is a minimum of magnetic resistance, the latter onlyresulting from the restricted annular air-spaces necessarily presentbetween the cheelc'faces and the armature. Second, in the magneticcircuit from (Z to (Z special magnetic resistance is afforded by theair-space 1). Third, from (Z to (Z there is aminimum resistance, as inthe first circuit, and in the last or fourth circuit, from d to (I,there is the same special resistance as in the second circuit, becauseof the air-space 1). There is thereforein this machine a series ofmagnetic circuits, each one of which is between two magnetic circuitswhich have either a greaterorlesser magnetic resistance than it.

The magnetization of the iield metal depends upon the currents suppliedto the coils, which, as already stated, longitudinally surround thearmature A and have their sides within the recesses between thecheek-faces. These coils are clearly indicated in Figs. 1 and 2, andthey are divided into two groups at right angles to each other. Althougheach group includes four coils considered as separate structures, thereare in substance but two coils in each group, the separation of eachcoil into two parts being merely for securing their symmetricaldistribution across the ends of the armature and with relation to thearmature-shaft. Two of these coils in each group are in circuit with asource of alternating single-phase currents, which, for example,entering at 0, pass into one section of coils D and then directly to theother section D, thence around to a smaller coil D to the second sectionof this coil D and thence out at C. The othertwo coils of each group aresecondary coils in a closed circuit having a resistance therein, as atR, the connections being from B, through E to the coil F, thence to coilF, thence around to coil F thence to coil F and by E to resistance R.

The electrical organization of the field-coils is diagrammaticallyillustrated in Fig. U, wherein the subdivision of the coils is notshown, but they are illustrated as divided into two groups of two coilseach and arranged at right angles to one another. The alternatingcurrents enter at G, traverse the large primary coil D, and thencethrough the small primary coil D? at right angles to D, and thence outat C. The large secondary coil F is placed alongside of the smallprimary coil D and the small secondary coil F alongside the largeprimary coil D. The two secondary coils are in a closed circuit with theresistance R, as already described. These coils afford two sets ofmagnetizing-circuits whose axes are at right angles to one another, thelarge primary coil l) and smallseeondary coil F affording circuitshaving a magnetic axis in one direction and the large secondary coil Fand the small primary coil D circuits having a magnetic axis at rightangles to that ofcoils D and F Supplyingalternatingelectric currents tothe primary coils D and D produces secondary currents in the coils F andF and the strength of the secondary currents is regulated or determinedby the re sistance in the secondary circuit. For illustration I willassume that the secondary current in coils F F will lag behind theprimary or main current in coils D D by one hundred and liftydcgrees,or, in other words, livetwelfths of a three-hund red-and-sixtyd egreesperiod. The magnetism in the two magnetic circuits will not follow orconform either to the primary or secondary currents, but it will followor correspond with the resultant magnetomotive force of both currents,and therefore the maximum. of the magnetic phases will occur between themaximum electric phases of the two currents. In other words, theresultant magnetism will reach its maximum succeeding the maximum actionof the primary current and preceding the maximum of the secondarycurrent.

By giving the primary coil of one magnetic circuit more ampere-turns,and hence more magnetizing power than the secondary coil acting on thesame magnetic circuit and in the second circuit reversing thearrangement, so that the secondary coil has greater magnetizing powerthan the primary coil the magnetism in the first-named circuit will morenearly coincide in phase with the primary current, and in the secondcircuit the magnetism will more nearly coincide in phase with thesecondary current. Now on the seems I a assumption that the secondarycurrent lags one hundred and fifty degrees or five-twelfths of a period.behind the primary current the number of ampere-turns in the differentprimary and secondary coils can be readily arranged so that the magneticmaxim um in one circuit will occur one-fourth of a period after orbefore the maximum of magnetism in the other circuit. The twoeleotromotive forces induced in the secondary coils F and F will alsodiffer correspondingly from each other in phasethat is, one-fourth of aperiodand the said combined eleotromotive forces will yield a secondarycurrent which lags behind the primary current five-twelfths of a period,as before stated.

To further illustrate, the large primary coil D in one magnetic circuitmay have one hundred and fifty-six turns, and the adjacent secondarycoil F may have ninety turns, and p with the currents in both circuitsof equal strength (as may be insured by a resistance in the closedcircuit) the maximum of the resultant magnetism will occur one-twelfthof a period or thirty degrees after the primary current andfour-twelfths of a period or one hundred and twenty degrees before thesecondary current. Now in the other magnetic circuit the primary coil Dhaving thirty turns and the secondary coil F fifty-two turns theresultant magnetism in this circuit will occur four-twelfths of a periodor one-hundred and twenty degrees behind the primary current andone-twelfth of a period or thirty degrees before the secondary current,and therefore it will occur one-fourth of a period after the maximum ofmagnetism in the first circuit. That is to say, the magnetisms in thetwo circuits will differ by ninety degrees in phase. Vith these twocircuits at right angles to each other and the primary coils fed withalternating single-phase currents the magnetic poles produced will beshifted correspondingly and make one revolution or rotation of the lineof magnetization during each period of the alternating current. 13yproviding in the first magnetic circuit D F three times as much magneticresistance as in the second magnetic circuit the magnetism afforded bythe two circuits will be of equal strength, and the two eleotromotiveforces induced in the secondary coils F and F being proportioned to eachother, as are the numher of their turns, ninety to fifty-two, thesecondary current lags behind the electromotive force in F byone-twelfth of a period or thirty degrees, and this last eleotromotiveforce being ninety degrees behind the magnetism of D the resultingmagnetism of D F lags behind the primary current thirty degrees, and thesecondary current lags behind the primary current one hundred and fiftydegrees.

Reference is made to the diagram shown. in Fig. 18 in order to furtherillustrate and explain the operation of the invention and to make moreclear the illustration discussed in the immediately-preceding portionsof this description. Assuming that the current in the secondary circuitlags one hundred and fifty degrees behind the primary current, then theline 0 D in the diagram may represent the primary current and the line 0E the secondary current. The value of the secondary current can be madeequal to that of the primary by a suitable adjustment of the resistanceR in the secondary circuit. If the primary coil has one hundred andfiftysix turns in the first magnetic circuit, its magnetizing force canbe thus represented in ampere-turns by the line 0 D. The secondary coilin the first magnetic circuit is assumed to have ninety turns, and thusits magnetizing force can be represented in the diagram by the line 0 F0 D and O F being proportioned, respectively, to one hundred andfifty-six and ninety. O D and O F combine by the parallelogram of forcesto a resultant magnetizing force 0 A, which under the conditions assumedwill lag thirty degrees behind O D and is one hundred and twenty degreesin advance of 0 F The magnetism of the first magnetic circuit isproduced by the resultant magnetizing force 0 A, and thus can berepresented by the line 0 M in phase with O A, (if we neglect hysteresisand other secondary reactions.) In the second magnetic circuit theprimary coil of thirty turns can be represented in magnetizing power byO D and the secondary coil of fifty-two turns by O F, O D and O F beingagain proportioned, respectively,to thirty and fifty-two. O D and O Fcombine toa resultant magnetizing force of the second magnetizingcircuit0 A which with the numerical values assumed is one-third as much as theresultant magnetizing force 0 A of the first magnetic circuit, and thusproduces in the second magnetic circuit a magnetism 0 M equal to that inthe firstnamed circuit, since the magnetic resistance of the secondmagnetic circuit is one-third of that of the first magnetic circuit. Themagnetism O M of the second magnetic circuit is in phase with theresultant magnetizing force 0 A of the second magnetic circuit, and thuswith the numerical values assumed one hundred and twenty degrees behindO D and thirty degrees in advance of O F. It is therefore apparent thatO M is ninety degrees behind O M, or, in other words, that two equalmagnetic waves or fluxes, which may be represented by O M and 0 Mdisplaced from each other by ninety degrees difference of phase, will beproduced in the two magnetic circuits under the conditions assumed.

By the combined magnetizing influence of the single-phase alternatingcurrents fed to the motor and the secondary currents induced as hereindescribed and as represented in Figs. 1 and 2 an effective andhighly-satisfactory conversion of electrical energyinto mechanicalmotion is accomplished. In this machine the number of ampere-turns inthe several coils are so proportioned and the variations of magneticresistance are such that the magnetism produced by the coils in onecircuit lags one-fourth of a period or ninety degrees behind themagnetism produced by the coils in the other circuit, and both inagnetisms being of equal strength and perpendicular to each other causea rotation of two oppositely-induced poles of the armature at regularand uniform speed.

As before stated, the armature may be widely varied so long as it can berotated by rotating magnetic poles in the field. It may be of solid ironor laminated against eddy currents or laminated lengthwise, so that eddycurrents [lowing therein will be of such direction relatively to themagnetizing force of the field-poles and of such difference in phase asto cause electrodynamic repulsion between the field and the armatu re.So, also, may be the II or shuttle core used, and this is especiallydesirable when a motor is to be operated synchronously. An armature withwire coils in closed circuits may also be used or a laminated-iron corecoated with copper or tin for affording a special path for inducedcurrents. So, also, may the exterior magnetic metal be widely varied inits form, arrangement, and distributionas, for instance, as shown inFigs. and -t, wherein the rotative element A is the field-magnet, and itis within a stationary iron ring 13 which maybe termed the armature. Thecore of the magnet is composed of laminated iron so disposed as toalford four arms convex at heir outer ends. Two of these, diametricallyopposite, as at e and e, have their convex faces closely adjacent to thecoincident inner surface of the iron ring B and the other two faces andc are separated from said ring by wider spaces, thus affording variablemagnetic resistance. Surrounding each of the arms c and e there arelarge primary coils D D, and around the arms 0 and 0 there are smallerprimary coils D and D all of which are connected in circuit with theterminals C and O, by which the alternating current is supplied by wayof the brush-eontacts f. Surrounding the arms 6 and 8 there are alsolarge secondary coils F and F and around the arms 0 and 0 there areother secondary coils F and F these all being in one closed circuit andincluding the resist ance R, the latter being in connection by way ofthe brush-contacts atf. In this machine, as in the one first described,one magnetic circuit is magnetized by the large primaries D D inconjunction with the small secondaries F and F and the other magneticcircuit by the large secondaries F and the small primaries D and D andtheir resultant operation is such that the magnet is caused to rotatewith great efficiency and at a speed corresponding with the speed of thealternations of the electric current supplied thereto. If, on the otherhand, the magnet should be stationary and the ring 13 provided withaxial supports, then the line of magnetization would be rotated asbefore and the ring would become the rotative element.

In each of the two organizations thus far described the shifting phaseis one-quarter of a period, or ninety degrees; but the shifting of phasein other proportions may be readily provided foras, for instance, asillustrated in Fig. In this organization the armature A may be as beforedescribed; but, as shown, it has an iron core and a set of coils inclosed circuit. The field metal is an annular mass of iron withinwardly-projecting cores paired with each other on diametrical lines,as atgg, 7r h, i i, and 7t- ].1. These cores have concave faces, whichare variably separated from the surface of the armature, the pair 9 9'having the least spaces, the pair 7L h a little more, the pair i i"still more, and the pair 7t: it" the greatest space, thus securingvariable magnetic resistance in the magnetic circuits. The resistancesof these different magnetic circuits are, as before in Figs. 1 and 2,pro portioned relatively to the magnetomotive forces, so that displacedmagnetisms of equal strength are maintained. Each of these cores carriesa primary and secondary coil, and, as in the other machines, said coilsare variably proportioned. The cores r g have the largest primary coilsZ and the smallest secondary coils "In. The cores h h have the nextsmaller primary coils Z and the next larger secondary coils'm'. Thecores t t" have still smaller primary coils Z and their seeondary coilsin are larger than on the cores h h. The cores 7; 7; have the smallestprimary coils Z and the largest secondary coils an. The primaries areconnected in series and are fed by way of the terminals at O, and thesecondaries are all in one closed circuit containing the resistance R.These four pairs of magnet-poles when excited by singlephase alternatingcurrents afford shifting magnetic phases displaced in phase. Themagnetism of the circuits at 7L h reaches its maximum behind themagnetism at g g and that at i 6 reaches its maximum behind 72. it,while at It 7; it reaches its maximum behind 'i 1",and therefore theline of magnetic polarity is successively shifted at uniform speed fromg g over to 71. ii, to i 11', and then to 7c is. In this machine themagnetism in each magnetic circuit is induced and controlled, varied, oradjusted, as in the previous machines, by the two electric currents,whose magnetizing powers are variably proportioned relatively to eachother, and the lag of the secondary eurrent can be varied by variationsof the resist ance in the closed circuit.

In extra light-duty motors the field-iron may be dispensed with, ifdesired. For instance, for driving the rotary element in analternating-current meter the magnetic iields may be induced by currentsflowing in coils arranged as already described, but without iron cores.In the meter shown in Figs. 7 to 12 the rotary element A is an armaturecomposed of a series of semicircular strips or of IXS sheet-coppersecured radially to suitable hubs and mounted upon a spindle 91,provided with a worm, which by meshing with a worm-gear transmits slowrotary motion through a train of gearing to the indicating-handle n ofthe meter. This armature is surrounded in the plane of its axis by apair of complex coils, each of which includes a primary coil D and asecondary coil F, and at right angles to said coils and surrounding bothof them and the armature are two other complex coils, each includiu g aprimary coil D and a secondary coil F. The primary coils D and D are ofcoarse wire and variably proportioned, as before described, and they areconnected in series with each other and are fed by a single alternatingcurrent by way of the terminals C 0, Figs. 7 and 8. The secondary coilsF and F are of line Wire and all are in closed circuit, their terminalsbeing soldered together at one side. The currents in these coils inducethe required magnetic fields, the circuits of which vary in theirmagnetic resistance because of their varied proportions. In the coils DD the magnetizing power of the primary current is stronger than that ofthe secondary coils F F; but in the coils D D the power of the primarycurrent is less than in the coils D and less than that of the secondarycurrent in the coils F F,- and hence the magnetizing maximum in thecoils D F will lag behind the maximum induced by the coils D Fonequarter of a period and cause the magnetic field to rotate, and thisin turn will cause rotation of the armature and so operate the meter.

The rotative power of the meter-armature can of course be increased bythe use of iron herein, as shown in Figs. 13, 14, and 15, wherein aniron disk a is located between the copper hubs and within a series ofradial copper strips a of such a form as imparts to the armature adrum-like contour.

Now for describing the application of the main features of my inventionfor inducing alternating currents differing in phase I will refer toFig. 16. Two transformers G G are connected in circuit and employed as asingle translating device. The alternating currents are fed by way ofthe terminals C C to the transformers, and in this circuit there is alarge coil D, wound on the transformer G, and connected in seriestherewith a small primary coil D, wound on the transformer G. A closedsecondary circuit comprises a coil F on the transformer G and a similarcoil F on the transformer G, and a resistance R is included in thisclosed circuit, as already described. The transformer G is provided witha third coil II, in which alternating currents are induced and may bedelivered from the transformer by way of the terminals shown at H. Inthe transformer G there is also a coil H for affording inducedalternating currents by way of the terminals 11*. The cores oftransformers G G are shown of different sizes, so that the magneticcirthan the primary coil D.

cuits have different resistances, as in the case of the motorconstruction already described.

As already explained in connection with the description of thealternating motor, the phases of magnetism in the cores of the transformer do not conform with the currents in either of the coils D F ofone transformer or D F of the second transformer, but rather to theresultant of the magnetomotive forces indnced by the currents in thesecoils which, as already explained, are out of phase with one another.Hence theinduced currents in the circuits H H are of different phaserelation from the currents in either of the other coils of thecorresponding transformers and from each otherthat is to say, thecurrents in the circuit H, for example, are of different phase relationfrom the current in circuit 11 and also have adifferent phase relationfrom the currents in the coils D and F of. the trans former G.

The proportioning of the coils upon the transformers resembles thatalready described in connection with the alternating motor. The primarycoil D of the transformer G is stronger than the secondary coil Fthatis, its magnetizing influence is greater than the influence of the coilF--while in the trans former G the secondary coil F is stronger Theresistance R is here used, as before, to adjust the secondary current,but it is not always necessary, and even when the resistance is neededit may be afforded by lamps and the electrical energy utilized forlighting purposes. The arrangement just described affords a practicalmethod of transforming the phase relation of alternating currents, forit will be observed that the magnetic phases in the transformers G and Gdo not conform with the electric phases of the alternating currents fedto the transformers. This result is secured by the modifying action uponthe magnetic phases of the currents in the coils F and F which are outof phase with the currents in coils D and D, and hence the energy fed tothe trans formers in the form of alternating currents is first convertedinto magnetism, and the currents in circuits II and H induced by themagnetism in the transformers have a different phase relation from thatof the supplied currents. For example, as a concrete illustration,single-phase currents may be fed to the transformers by circuit 0 C andquarter phase currents may be taken from the transformers by circuits Hand H As already explained, the single-phase currents tend to inducemagnetism in the transformers in phase with the currents; but themagnetic phases in the transformers are modified by the currents flowingin the other coils, so that the resultant magnetomotive forces may byproper calculations and proportioning of parts assume any desiredrelation. The electromotive forces in the closed circuits may be usedfor operating aseries of translating devices of the kind here in shownin tandem, the resistance being in- ICC sorted in the closed circuit ofthe last translating device of the series. 13y tandem I refer to anarrangement such as that shown in Fig. 17, where there are three sets oftransformers. The transformers G G, comprising the first set, aresupplied with singlc-phasealternating currents through the terminals atO for exciting the primary coils D D, respectively wound on the cores ofthe transformers. The secondary coils F F on said transformers,

which cooperate with the primary coils, have.

their circuit closed through coils D D on a second set of transformers GG so that the current flowing in the coils F F of transformers G Itserves to excite magnetism in the transformers G G. The secondary coilsF are provided on transformers Gr G",which in turn are closed throughprimary coils D D upon the third set of transformers G G. This last setof transformers has secondary coils FFhwhose circuit is closed throughresistance B. On each of these transformers a third coil If is shown,from which an independent induced alternating current can be taken byway of the terminals lettered ll ll. If II" 11 If", and the currents ineach of these circuits may have a phase of alternation peculiar toitself, or the currents in any number of said circuits may have the samephase relation.

Referring more particularly to Fig. 1.0, it will be seen that the coils.D D F 1*" form primary coils in the sense that they coact to produceelcctromotive forces in the coils II and 11 though the coils F F arealso secondary coils with respect to the coils D D, as has been aboveexplained. It will also be seen that the coils ll 11 may be regarded assecondary coils in the sense that they have electromotive forces inducedin them by the joint action of the coils D D F F. It is thereforeobvious that one feature of my invention consists in a transformer orset of transformers G G, having a plurality of independent magneticcircuits with primary and secondary windings thereon so arranged thatthe currents in one set of windings as, for example, in the arrangementdescribed in set D D' F Finduce magnetic waves or fluxes in the cores GG,which in turn induce elcctromotive forces in the windings H 11 thephase rela tion between elcctromotive forces and magnetic waves beingsuch that the elcctromotive forces of one set of windingsforexample,those induced in the windings H li correspond in phase to the phaserelation of the magnetic waves in the magnetic circuits G G, while theelcctromotive forces of the other set of windings comprising thoseelectromotive forces which cause current to flow in the coils D D and inthe coils F F do not correspond in phase displacement to the phasedisplacement of the magnetic waves.

It is my intention to claim herein points of novelty alike present inthe motors and sta tionary transformer systems herein set forth and alsosuch further improvements or points of novelty as relate only to thetransformers.

I reserve for a separate application, filed May 18, 1897, Serial No.036,281, claims upon such improvements of the alternating motors hereinset forth as relate only to the motors and are not applicable to thetransformers.

I also reserve for the said application claims upon that feature of myinvention which relates to the connection of translating devices intandem.

\Vhat I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent of theUnited States, is

1. The method of transformingalternating electric currents from onenumber of phases to another, which consists in inducing in a series ofmagnetic circuits magnetic waves by the magnetizing action of thecurrents to be transformed, modifying the phases of the magnetic wavesto correspond with the cur rent phases desired, and inducing currents ofthe desired number of phases in a secondary circuit or circuits ininductive relation to such magnetic circuits.

3. The method of transforming alternating single-phase currents intocurrents of plural phases, which consists in inducing by the magnetizinginfluence of such single-phase currents magnetic waves in a series ofstationary transformers, modifying the phase relation of the magneticwaves thusind need to correspond with the current phases desired, andinducing currents of different phases in the secondary circuits of thetransformers.

The method of translating alternating electric currents from one numberof phases to another, which consists in inducing in a series ofstationary transformers magnetic waves by the magnetizing action of theprimary currents to be transformed, inducing thereby secondarycurrentsin a closed circuit in inductive relation to the different transformers,modifying the phases of the in agnetic waves by the magnetizinginfluence of such secondary currents to correspond with the currentphases desired, and finally, inducing currents of the desired number ofphases in a secondary circuit or circuits leading from the transformers.

i. In an electric translating device sup- ICO rents; secondary excitingcoils connected with each other in one closed electric circuit, the saidsecondary coils in one or more of said circuits having greatermagnetizing power than the primary coils in the same magnetic circuits,and in the other magnetic circuits, the said secondary coils having lessmagnetizing power than the primary coils in the same magnetic circuit,whereby the maximum resulting magnetizing power of the combinedprimaryand secondary coilsiu anyone or more magnetic circuits, will bedifferent in time from the maximum resulting power of the primary andsecondary coils, in other magnetic circuits.

U. The combination of two or more stationary transformers havingindependent magnetic circuits in each of which magnetism is induced bythe joint magnetizing action of alternating electric currents ofdisplaced phase, whose relative magnetizing influences are soproportioned that the magnetic waves induced therein have a desireddifference of phase.

7. The combination of magnetic material affording two or more magneticcircuits with conductors carrying out-of-phase currents, each acting toinduce magnetism in all such circuits but not to the same relativeextent, the action of one current preponderating in magnetizing onecircuit and of another current in magnetizing another circuit, asdescribed.

S. The combination in an electric translating device, of magneticmaterial affording two or more cooperating magnetic circuits ofdifferent magnetic resistance, with conductors carrying respectivelyprimary and secondary alternating currents displaced in phase serving toinduce magnetism in each of such magnetic circuits, the magnetizinginfluence of such currents being so proportioned relatively to eachother, and with reference to the magn etic resistance of suchcircuits,that magnetic waves are induced in each, of substantially equalintensity but displaced in phase, as described.

f). The method hereinafter set forth, which consists in supplying todifferent transformers, or like induction apparatus, having separatemagnetic circuits, alternating electric currents of a given number ofphases, thereby converting the electric energy of such eurrents intomagnetic energy in the form of magnetic waves induced in the magneticcircuits,an d inducing in secondary work-circuits leading from suchinduction apparatus, secondary currents having a different number ofphases from that of the primary currents su pplied to the inductionapparatus.

10. The method hereinafter set forth, which consists in supplyingalternating electric currents having a given phase relation to theprimary circuits of a series of transformers inducing elect-romotiveforces in the secondary circuits of such transformers, and deriving fromsuch electromotivc forces secondary currents, in suitable electriccircuits, having a dilferent number of phases from the currents fed tothe transformers.

11. The method hereinafter set forth, which consists in inducingout-of-phase magnetic waves in a series of transformers havingindependent magnetic circuits, by the inductive action of alternatingdephased electric currents flowing in certain electric circuits, in in ductive relation to said transformers, inducing alternating electromotiveforces in certain other electric circuits likewise in inductive relationto said transformers, and deriving from said last-n amed electromotiveforces alternating currents dephased from each other by an angledifferent from the angle of phase displacement of the first-namedalternating currents.

12. The method of producing quarterphase magnetic waves, which consistsin generating alternating currents whose phase difference is not equalto ninety degrees, inducing by said currents magnetomotive forces in twomagnetic circuits, and superposing said magnetomotive forces in theproper proportions, so that the resultant magnetic waves in the twocircuits are dephased by ninety degrees.

13. The method of producing a magnetic wave of any phase desiredintermediate between the phases of two electric currents, which consistsin subjecting a magnetic circuit to the inductive in fluence of the twoelectric currents in the proper proportions to produce the resultdesired, substantially as described.

14. The method of producing a magnetic wave of any phase desiredintermediate between the phases of two electric currents, which consistsin subjecting a magnetic circuit to the ind uctive influence of the twoelectric currents, the inductive influence of the two currents on themagnetic circuit being different in amount, and so proportioned as toproduce the magnetic phase desired.

15. The method of producing a magnetic wave intermediate in phasebetween the phases of two electric currents, and nearer in phase to oneof them than to the other, which consists in subjecting a magneticcircuit to the inductive influence of the two currents in differentrelative amounts, so that the inductive influence of that current towhose phase it is desired that the phase of the magnetic wave shall moreclosely approximate, shall exceed in amount the inductive intluence ofthe other current, substantially as described.

16. The method of producing dephased magnetic waves one of which is inmagnitude and phase the resultant of a plurality of dephased electriccurrents, and all of which draw their energy from the said electriccurrents, which consists in subjecting a plurality of magnetic circuitsto the inductive in fluen cs of thesaid currents in such a way that atleast one of the circuits is acted upon by a plurality of dephasedcurrents, the said inductive influences of the different currents on thevarious magnetic circuits being so proportioned and adjusted as toproduce in the magnetic circuits dephased magnetic waves of the desiredphase and magnitude.

17. The method of producing dephased magnetic waves, which waves are inmagnitude and phase the resultant of a plurality of dephased electriccurrents, which consists in subjecting a pluralityof magnetic circuitseach to the inductive influence of a plurality of dephascd currents, thesaid inductive influences of the different currents on the variousmagnetic circuits being so proportioned and adjusted as to produce inthe magnetic circuits dephased magnetic waves of the desired phase andmagnitude.

18. The method of increasing the number of phases of an alternatingcurrent, which consists in producing by means of the energy of the saidcurrent dephased magnetomotive forces, combining the said magnetomotiveforces in the proper proportions and relations, and generating by thesaid magnetomot-ive forces a secondary multiphase current of an orderhigher than the order of the original alternating current.

19. The method ofgcnerating (piarter-phase currents which consists inproducing in two magnetic circuits magnetomotive forces whose phasedifference is not equal to ninety degrees, supcrposing the magneticwaves due to said magnetomotive forces so that the resultant phasedifference of the magnetic waves is equal to ninety degrees, andinducing currents by said magnetic waves.

20. The method of producing quarter-phase currents, which consists ingenerating currents whose phase angle is not equal to ninety degrees,inducing in two magnetic circuits by said currents resulting magneticwaves whose phase angle is equal to ninety degrees, and generating bythe action of said magnetic waves quarter-phase currents.

21. The method ofderiving from a plurality ofaltcrnating currentsdephased by any given phase angle a plurality of alternating currentsdephased by any desired different phase angle, which consists incombining the effects of said first-named currents, as by subjecting totheir magnetizing influence a plurality of magnetic circuits havingsecondary coils wound thereon, or in any equivalent way, in such amanner that one of the resulting currents shall be due to the jointinfluence of a plurality of the first-named currents acting in differentrelative proportions.

22. The method of obtaining from a singlephase current magnetic waves inqradratnre, which consists in generating magnetomotive forces in twomagnetic circuits by the influence of the said current, and reactingupon said magnetomotive forces by a corrective or modifying action toproduce resultant magnctomotive forces of approximately ninety degreesphase displacement.

The combination of a plurality of cores forming magnetic circuits withprimary and secondary windings in inductive relation thereto, soarranged that the electromotive forces due to one set of windings inducemagnetic waves in said circuits and thereby induce electromotivc forcesin the other set of windings, the phase relation between electromotiveforces and magnetic waves being such that the electrometivc forcesacting in one of said sets of windings correspond in phase displacementto the phase displacement of the individual magnetic waves, while theother set of elcctronmtive forces do not correspond in phasedisplacement to the phase displacement of the individual waves.

ft. The combination of a pluralityof transformers having independentmagnetic circuits with windings in inductive relation to said circuits,and two sets of leads for connecting windings on said transformers withdifferent distribution systems, certain of said windings being wound onthe different magnetic circuits separately and connected so that theirelectromotive forces and currents correspond in phase with the phase ofthe magnetic waves induced in the magnetic circuits, and the remainderof said windings being so distributed, arranged and connected that theirelectromotive forces and currents have a definite phase relation withrespect; to the said magnetic waves, such that the said windings andmagnetic circuits become capable of transforming and altering the numberof phases of alternating currents.

25. The combination with two magnetic cores or circuits, and means forgenerating magnetomotive forces therein, of a secondary coil or circuitinclosing each core, and additional coils on each core connected toworkcircuits, the number of turns of said secondary coil enveloping eachcore being graduated to produce electromotive forces of a differentphase displacement in said additional coils.

26. The combination with two magnetic circuits, of windings in inductiverelation there to, consisting of a plurality of inducing turns and aplurality of induced turns, so arranged that some of the inducing turnsare in inductive relation to each of the magnetic circuits, and some ofthe induced turns are in inductive relation to each of the magneticcircuits; and an additional winding closed on itself, embracing each ofsaid magnetic circuits, and adapted to be the seat of induced currentsacting to dephase by a definite amount the magnetic waves in saidcircuits.

27. The method hereinafter set forth, which consists in setting up insuitable, non-identical paths, out-of-phase magnetic waves, by theinductive action of alternating, relativelydephased, electric currentsflowing in certain electric circuits, in inductive relation to IIS saidpaths, impressing on multiphase mains, alternating electromotive forcesderived from certain electric circuits in inductive relation to saidpaths and having a relative phase displacement difierent from that ofthe aforesaid alternating currents, and maintaining the phase relationof said alternating electromotive forces different from the phaserelation of said electric currents Whether the multiphase mains he onopen circuit or sup- [0 plying current.

CHARLES STEINMET-Z.

Witnesses:

R. EIOKEMEYER, II. RYDQUIST.

